کیمرا (دیرین‌شناسی)

پروتوآویس (Protoavis)، مشهورترین نمونه کیمرا

در دیرینه‌شناسی، کیمِرا (به انگلیسی: Chimera) فسیلی است که با بخش‌هایی که از بدن بیش از یک گونه یا سرده جانوری می‌آیند، بازسازی شده‌است. به عبارت دیگر، آنها اشتباه‌ها یا گاهی حقه‌هایی هستند که توسط دیرینه‌شناسان ساخته می‌شوند و قطعه‌هایی را که از پیکر یک جاندار نمی‌آیند کنار هم قرار می‌دهند. نمونه کلاسیک جانور کایمرا Protoavis است.

فهرست کیمراهای دیرینه‌شناسی

آرکئوراپتور^[۱]^[۲]
دالیان رپتور؟^[۳]^[۴]
لامتازاروس؟^[۵]
پروتواویس^[۶]^[۷]
مرد پیلتن^[۸]
اولتراسائوروها^[۹]
پرنده‌چهره (Ornithopsis hulkei)^[۱۰]
Teihivenator^[۱۱]
داکوتاراپتور؟^[۱۲]
آوالونیانوس^[۱۳]
کوتنیچلا؟^[۱۴]
پرتیغ‌نما؟^[۱۵]

منابع

↑ Mayell, Hillary (2002-11-20). "Dino Hoax Was Mainly Made of Ancient Bird, Study Says". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
↑ Rowe, Timothy; Ketcham, Richard A.; Denison, Cambria; Colbert, Matthew; Xu, Xing; Currie, Philip J. (March 2001). "The Archaeoraptor forgery". Nature (به انگلیسی). 410 (6828): 539–540. doi:10.1038/35069145. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11279483.
↑ O'Connor, Sun, Xu, Wang and Zhou (2012). "A new species of Jeholornis with complete caudal integument." Historical Biology, 24(1): 29-41.
↑ Matthew Martyniuk (2012-08-10). "DinoGoss: The Strange Bird Dalianraptor cuhe". Dinogoss.blogspot.com.au. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
↑ Chakravarti, D. K. , 1935, "Is Lametasaurus indicus an armored dinosaur?", American Journal of Science 30(5): 138-141
↑ Wagner, Jonathan R. (18 Oct 1997). "Re: Protoavis?". Dinosaur (Mailing list). Retrieved 2009-08-11.
↑ Currie, Philip J.; Zhao, Xi-Jin (1993-10-01). "A new troodontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) braincase from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30 (10): 2231–2247. Bibcode:1993CaJES..30.2231C. doi:10.1139/e93-194. ISSN 0008-4077.
↑ Webb, Jonathan (10 August 2016). "Piltdown review points decisive finger at forger Dawson". BBC. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
↑ Curtice, B. , Stadtman, K. , and Curtice, L. (1996) "A re-assessment of Ultrasauros macintoshi(Jensen, 1985)." Pp. 87-95 in M. Morales (ed.), The Continental Jurassic: Transactions of the Continental Jurassic Symposium, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin number 60.
↑ Blows, W.T. (1995). "The Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaurs Ornithopsis and Eucamerotus from the Isle of Wight, England". Palaeontology. 38 (1): 187–197.
↑ Brownstein, Chase D. (2018-05-01). "A tyrannosauroid tibia from the Navesink Formation of New Jersey and its biogeographic and evolutionary implications for North American tyrannosauroids". Cretaceous Research (به انگلیسی). 85: 309–318. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.01.005. ISSN 0195-6671.
↑ DePalma, Robert A.; Burnham, David A.; Martin, Larry D.; Larson, Peter L.; Bakker, Robert T. (2016-12-02). "Corrigendum to: The first giant raptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Hell Creek Formation". Paleontological Contributions (به انگلیسی). doi:10.17161/1808.22120.
↑ P. M. Galton. 1998. Saurischian dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of England: Camelotia (Prosauropoda, Melanorosauridae) and Avalonianus (Theropoda, ?Carnosauria). Palaeontographica Abteilung A 250(4-6):155-172 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
↑ Aria, Cédric; Zhao, Fangchen; Zeng, Han; Guo, Jin; Zhu, Maoyan (2020-01-08). "Fossils from South China redefine the ancestral euarthropod body plan". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1560-7. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 6950928. PMID 31914921.
↑ Nopcsa, F. (1928), "Palaeontological notes on reptiles." Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, tomus, 1, -Pasc. 1, p. 1-84

[1] Mayell, Hillary (2002-11-20). "Dino Hoax Was Mainly Made of Ancient Bird, Study Says". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-13.

[2] Rowe, Timothy; Ketcham, Richard A.; Denison, Cambria; Colbert, Matthew; Xu, Xing; Currie, Philip J. (March 2001). "The Archaeoraptor forgery". Nature (به انگلیسی). 410 (6828): 539–540. doi:10.1038/35069145. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11279483.

[3] O'Connor, Sun, Xu, Wang and Zhou (2012). "A new species of Jeholornis with complete caudal integument." Historical Biology, 24(1): 29-41.

[4] Matthew Martyniuk (2012-08-10). "DinoGoss: The Strange Bird Dalianraptor cuhe". Dinogoss.blogspot.com.au. Retrieved 2014-02-02.

[5] Chakravarti, D. K. , 1935, "Is Lametasaurus indicus an armored dinosaur?", American Journal of Science 30(5): 138-141

[6] Wagner, Jonathan R. (18 Oct 1997). "Re: Protoavis?". Dinosaur (Mailing list). Retrieved 2009-08-11.

[7] Currie, Philip J.; Zhao, Xi-Jin (1993-10-01). "A new troodontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) braincase from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30 (10): 2231–2247. Bibcode:1993CaJES..30.2231C. doi:10.1139/e93-194. ISSN 0008-4077.

[8] Webb, Jonathan (10 August 2016). "Piltdown review points decisive finger at forger Dawson". BBC. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.

[9] Curtice, B. , Stadtman, K. , and Curtice, L. (1996) "A re-assessment of Ultrasauros macintoshi(Jensen, 1985)." Pp. 87-95 in M. Morales (ed.), The Continental Jurassic: Transactions of the Continental Jurassic Symposium, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin number 60.

[10] Blows, W.T. (1995). "The Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaurs Ornithopsis and Eucamerotus from the Isle of Wight, England". Palaeontology. 38 (1): 187–197.

[11] Brownstein, Chase D. (2018-05-01). "A tyrannosauroid tibia from the Navesink Formation of New Jersey and its biogeographic and evolutionary implications for North American tyrannosauroids". Cretaceous Research (به انگلیسی). 85: 309–318. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.01.005. ISSN 0195-6671.

[12] DePalma, Robert A.; Burnham, David A.; Martin, Larry D.; Larson, Peter L.; Bakker, Robert T. (2016-12-02). "Corrigendum to: The first giant raptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Hell Creek Formation". Paleontological Contributions (به انگلیسی). doi:10.17161/1808.22120.

[13] P. M. Galton. 1998. Saurischian dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of England: Camelotia (Prosauropoda, Melanorosauridae) and Avalonianus (Theropoda, ?Carnosauria). Palaeontographica Abteilung A 250(4-6):155-172 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

[14] Aria, Cédric; Zhao, Fangchen; Zeng, Han; Guo, Jin; Zhu, Maoyan (2020-01-08). "Fossils from South China redefine the ancestral euarthropod body plan". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1560-7. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 6950928. PMID 31914921.

[15] Nopcsa, F. (1928), "Palaeontological notes on reptiles." Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, tomus, 1, -Pasc. 1, p. 1-84

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