کازیمیرز لیشچینسکی

کازیمیرز لیشچینسکی
کازیمیرز لیشچینسکی
زادهٔ	۴ مارس ۱۶۳۴
درگذشت	۳۰ مارس ۱۶۸۹ (۵۵ سال); ورشو
علت مرگ	Execution
ملیت	مشترک‌المنافع لهستان–لیتوانی
دیگر نام‌ها	کازیمیر لیزینسکی
آثار برجسته	«در باب عدم وجود خدا»
دوره	عصر روشنگری
حیطه	فلسفه غرب فلسفه لهستان; ;
علایق اصلی	شک‌گرایی دینی
ایده‌های چشمگیر	خداناباوری در لهستان
	تأثیرگرفته از یوهان هاینریش آلستد;
	تأثیرگذار بر آندری نوویکی;

کازیمیرز لیشچینسکی (انگلیسی: Kazimierz Łyszczyński; ۴ مارس ۱۶۳۴ – ۳۰ مارس ۱۶۸۹) قاضی، فیلسوف، نویسنده، و پرسنل نظامی اهل مشترک‌المنافع لهستان–لیتوانی بود. او یک شلختا بود که در صفوف خانواده ساپیها در سال ۱۶۸۹ به‌دلیل خداناباوری متهم، محاکمه و اعدام شد.^[۱]^[۲]

او به‌مدت هشت سال به‌عنوان یک یسوعی به تحصیل فلسفه پرداخت و سپس در پرونده‌های حقوقی علیه یسوعیان در مورد املاک قاضی شد. او رساله‌ای با عنوان درباب عدم وجود خدا نوشت و بعداً به اتهام الحاد اعدام شد. محاکمه او مورد انتقاد قرار گرفته است^[۳]^[۴]

پانویس

↑ Aleksander Gieysztor, et al. 1979, History of Poland, page 261: A Lithuanian nobleman, Kazimierz Lyszczynski, was even beheaded for his alleged, or real, atheism (1689)
↑ Jerzy Kłoczowski, 2000, A History of Polish Christianity, page 155: The most famous episode was the sentencing to death of Kazimierz Lyszczynski, a nobleman accused of atheism, by the Sejm court in 1689.
↑ (Skorobohaty 1840) Cazimir Lyszczynski, a noble and landowner of Lithuania, a man of a very respectable character, was perusing a book entitled Theologia Naturalis, by Henry Aldsted, a Protestant divine, and finding that the arguments which the author employed in order to prove the existence of divinity, were so confused that it was possible to deduce from them quite contrary consequences, he added on the margin the following words – "ergo non-est Deus," evidently ridiculing the arguments of the author. This circumstance was found out by Brzoska, nuncio of Brest in Lithuania, a debtor of Lyszczynski, who denouned him as an atheist, delivering, as evidence of his accusation, a copy of the work with the above-mentioned annotation to Witwicki, bishop of Posnania, who took up this affair with the greatest violence. He was zealously seconded by Zaluski, bishop of Kiod, a prelate known for his great learning and not devoid of merit in other respects, which however proved no check to religious fanaticism. The king, who was very far from countenancing such enormities, attempted to save the unfortunate Lyszczynski, by ordering that he should be judged at Wilno; but nothing could shelter the unfortunate man against the fanatical rage of the clergy represented by the two bishops; and the first privilege of a Polish noble, that he could not be imprisoned before his condemnation, and which had theretofore been sacredly observed even with the greatest criminals, was violated. On the simple accusation of his debtor, supported by the bishops, the affair was brought before the diet of 1689, before which the clergy, and particularly the bishop Zaluski, accused Lyszczynski of having denied the existence of God, and uttered blasphemies against the blessed Virgin and the saints. The unfortunate victim, terrified by his perilous situation, acknowledged all that was imputed to him, made a full recantation of all he might have said and written against the doctrine of the Roman Catholic church, and declared his entire submission to its authority. This was, however, of no avail to him, and his accusers were even scandalized that the diet permitted him to make a defence, and granted the term of three days for collecting evidence of his innocence, as the accusation of the clergy ought, in their judgment, to be sufficient evidence on which to condemn the culprit. The fanaticism of the diet was excited in a most scandalous manner by the blasphemous representation that divinity should be propitiated by the blood of its offenders. The diet decreed that Lyszczynski should have his tongue pulled out, and then be beheaded and burnt. This atrocious sentence was executed, and the bishop Zaluski himself gives a relation of what he considered an act of piety and justice! The king was horror-struck at this news and exclaimed that the Inquisition could not do any thing worse. It is necessary, on this occasion, to render justice to Pope Innocent XI. , who, instead of conferring a cardinal's hat on the bishop of Posnania, bitterly censured this disgraceful affair.
↑ The Spirit of Polish History by Antoni Chołoniewski. Translated by Jane (Addy) Arctowska. Published by The Polish Book Importing Co. , inc. , 1918. p. 38 "The execution of the nobleman Lyszczynski, accused of atheism, religious murder ordered by the Diet of 1689, remained an isolated case."

منابع

مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Kazimierz Łyszczyński». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۹ ژوئیه ۲۰۲۴.

این یک مقالهٔ خرد یک فیلسوف است. می‌توانید با گسترش آن به ویکی‌پدیا کمک کنید.

[1] Aleksander Gieysztor, et al. 1979, History of Poland, page 261: A Lithuanian nobleman, Kazimierz Lyszczynski, was even beheaded for his alleged, or real, atheism (1689)

[2] Jerzy Kłoczowski, 2000, A History of Polish Christianity, page 155: The most famous episode was the sentencing to death of Kazimierz Lyszczynski, a nobleman accused of atheism, by the Sejm court in 1689.

[Skorobohaty-3] (Skorobohaty 1840) Cazimir Lyszczynski, a noble and landowner of Lithuania, a man of a very respectable character, was perusing a book entitled Theologia Naturalis, by Henry Aldsted, a Protestant divine, and finding that the arguments which the author employed in order to prove the existence of divinity, were so confused that it was possible to deduce from them quite contrary consequences, he added on the margin the following words – "ergo non-est Deus," evidently ridiculing the arguments of the author. This circumstance was found out by Brzoska, nuncio of Brest in Lithuania, a debtor of Lyszczynski, who denouned him as an atheist, delivering, as evidence of his accusation, a copy of the work with the above-mentioned annotation to Witwicki, bishop of Posnania, who took up this affair with the greatest violence. He was zealously seconded by Zaluski, bishop of Kiod, a prelate known for his great learning and not devoid of merit in other respects, which however proved no check to religious fanaticism. The king, who was very far from countenancing such enormities, attempted to save the unfortunate Lyszczynski, by ordering that he should be judged at Wilno; but nothing could shelter the unfortunate man against the fanatical rage of the clergy represented by the two bishops; and the first privilege of a Polish noble, that he could not be imprisoned before his condemnation, and which had theretofore been sacredly observed even with the greatest criminals, was violated. On the simple accusation of his debtor, supported by the bishops, the affair was brought before the diet of 1689, before which the clergy, and particularly the bishop Zaluski, accused Lyszczynski of having denied the existence of God, and uttered blasphemies against the blessed Virgin and the saints. The unfortunate victim, terrified by his perilous situation, acknowledged all that was imputed to him, made a full recantation of all he might have said and written against the doctrine of the Roman Catholic church, and declared his entire submission to its authority. This was, however, of no avail to him, and his accusers were even scandalized that the diet permitted him to make a defence, and granted the term of three days for collecting evidence of his innocence, as the accusation of the clergy ought, in their judgment, to be sufficient evidence on which to condemn the culprit. The fanaticism of the diet was excited in a most scandalous manner by the blasphemous representation that divinity should be propitiated by the blood of its offenders. The diet decreed that Lyszczynski should have his tongue pulled out, and then be beheaded and burnt. This atrocious sentence was executed, and the bishop Zaluski himself gives a relation of what he considered an act of piety and justice! The king was horror-struck at this news and exclaimed that the Inquisition could not do any thing worse. It is necessary, on this occasion, to render justice to Pope Innocent XI. , who, instead of conferring a cardinal's hat on the bishop of Posnania, bitterly censured this disgraceful affair.

[4] The Spirit of Polish History by Antoni Chołoniewski. Translated by Jane (Addy) Arctowska. Published by The Polish Book Importing Co. , inc. , 1918. p. 38 "The execution of the nobleman Lyszczynski, accused of atheism, religious murder ordered by the Diet of 1689, remained an isolated case."

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داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای
عمومی	ISNI 1 ویاف 1 ورلدکت (از طریق ویاف)
کتابخانه‌های ملی	آلمان ایالات متحده آمریکا لهستان
سایر	کاربرد چندوجهی اصطلاحات موضوعی