فهرست پرخسارتترین زمینلرزهها
ظاهر
این فهرستی از زمین لرزههای بزرگ بر پایه ارزش دلاری خسارات دارایی (عمومی و خصوصی) است که مستقیماً به زمینلرزه نسبت داده میشود. فقط زمین لرزههایی که بیش از ۱ میلیارد دلار هزینه داشته باشند در اینجا فهرست میشوند. ارزشهای رتبه بر اساس مقایسه تورم تعدیل شده خسارت اموال به دلار آمریکا تخصیص داده میشود. در صورت امکان، زیانهای غیرمستقیم و اقتصادی-اجتماعی مستثنی میشوند. تخمین خسارت برای زمین لرزههای خاص ممکن است در طول زمان متفاوت باشد زیرا دادههای بیشتری در دسترس قرار میگیرد. خسارات ناشی از زمین لغزش و سونامی ناشی از زلزله نیز شامل میشود.
جستارهای وابسته
[ویرایش]پانویس
[ویرایش]- ↑ "M 9.1 – near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". Earthquake Hazards Program. USGS. 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
- ↑ Zhang, Bo. "Top 5 Most Expensive Natural Disasters in History". AccuWeather.com. News & Video. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
- ↑ Victoria Kim (21 March 2011). "Japan damage could reach $235 میلیارد, World Bank estimates". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ↑ Tierney, Kathleen (1997). Emergency response: lessons learned from the Kobe earthquake. University of Delaware Disaster Research Center.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
- ↑ "TÜRKONFED raporu: Depremlerin mali hasarının 84,1 milyar dolar olması bekleniyor" [TÜRKONFED report: The financial damage of earthquakes is expected to be 84.1 میلیاردdollars] (به ترکی استانبولی). Bloomberg HT. 12 February 2023. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ↑ "1994 Quake Still Fresh in Los Angeles Minds". Los Angeles Daily News. 2014-01-11. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
- ↑ "Four years on: Insurance and the Canterbury Earthquakes" (PDF). Deloitte Access Economics. February 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ↑ ۹٫۰ ۹٫۱ ۹٫۲ ۹٫۳ "Significant Earthquake Database". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ↑ Guha-Sapir, Debarati; Santos, Indhira; Borde, Alexandre (2013). The Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-19-984193-6.
- ↑ Santanu Baruah; Sowrav Saikia; Saurabh Baruah; Pabon K. Bora; Ruben Tatevossian; J. R. Kayal (19 March 2014). "The September 2011 Sikkim Himalaya earthquake Mw 6.9: is it a plane of detachment earthquake?". Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 7: 248–263. doi:10.1080/19475705.2014.895963. S2CID 128915677. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- ↑ ۱۲٫۰۰ ۱۲٫۰۱ ۱۲٫۰۲ ۱۲٫۰۳ ۱۲٫۰۴ ۱۲٫۰۵ ۱۲٫۰۶ ۱۲٫۰۷ ۱۲٫۰۸ ۱۲٫۰۹ ۱۲٫۱۰ ۱۲٫۱۱ ۱۲٫۱۲ ۱۲٫۱۳ ۱۲٫۱۴ ۱۲٫۱۵ ۱۲٫۱۶ ۱۲٫۱۷ ۱۲٫۱۸ ۱۲٫۱۹ ۱۲٫۲۰ ۱۲٫۲۱ ۱۲٫۲۲ ۱۲٫۲۳ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972). "Significant Earthquake Database" (Data Set). National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ↑ "Italy Quake Reconstruction to Cost at Least $16 میلیارد". Fox News. 15 April 2009. Archived from the original on 19 April 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
- ↑ "Where can I learn more about the 1906 Earthquake?". Berkeley Seismological Lab. December 11, 2011.
- ↑ "New Zealand Earthquake Report". GeoNet. Earthquake Commission and GNS Science. فوریه 22, 2011. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011.
- ↑ "Christchurch rebuild to cost $10b more". 3 News NZ. 28 April 2013. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
- ↑ "Significant Earthquake". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
- ↑ ۱۸٫۰ ۱۸٫۱ "Events and Developments (P. 3, "Calendar of events 2010: February 27")" (PDF). Yearbook. UNEP. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ↑ "Costs beyond measure". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
- ↑ "Šteta od potresa u Zagrebu procijenjena je na vrtoglav iznos. Vlada traži novac od Europske komisije. Evo koliko maksimalno možemo dobiti". Novi list (به کروات). 10 June 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
- ↑ "Tangshan | gemecd". gemecd.org. Archived from the original on 22 اكتبر 2016. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|archive-date=
(help) - ↑ Krishnan, Unni; Mehrotra, Kartikay (April 28, 2015). "Nepal Says Earthquake Rebuilding Cost to Exceed $10 میلیارد". Bloomberg News.
- ↑ Amadeo, Kimberly. "Haiti's 2010 Earthquake Caused Lasting Damage". The Balance. Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ↑ Eidinger, John M. (2001). Gujarat (Kutch), India, M7.7 Earthquake of January 26, 2001, and Napa M5.2 Earthquake of September 3, 2000. ASCE Publications. ISBN 978-0-7844-7506-5.
- ↑ "Iran earthquake caused damage worth €5 میلیارد". www.hindustantimes.com (به انگلیسی). 2017-11-17. Retrieved 2018-04-09.
- ↑ Armand Vervaeck (3 August 2014). "Deadly earthquake in Ludian county (Yunnan), China – at least 398 people killed + over 6 bn USD in damage". Earthquake-Report.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ↑ "Jutarnji list - Procijenjena je šteta nastala u potresu na Baniji, upola je manja od one u Zagrebu". www.jutarnji.hr (به کروات). 13 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ↑ "Thirty years ago: the 1985 Mexico City earthquakes, a major disaster - Geo-Mexico, the geography of Mexico". geo-mexico.com. 17 September 2015.
- ↑ Sheehan, Matt (24 March 2022). "Insured losses up to $4bn expected from Japan's M7.3 quake: Verisk". reinsurancene.ws. Archived from the original on 2022-03-28. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ↑ Meszaros, J.; Fiegener, M. (2002). "Effects of the 2001 Nisqually Earthquake on Small Businesses in Washington State" (PDF). United States Department of Commerce. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 14, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
- ↑ "Haiti: Earthquake Situation Report No. 4 (7 September 2021)". ReliefWeb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 7 September 2021. Archived from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.