جغرافیای زمان

نمونه‌هایی از زبان دیداری در جغرافیای زمان

جغرافیای زمان یا جغرافیای زمان-فضا یک دیدگاه ترارشته‌ای در حال تحول در فرایندها و رویدادهای فضایی و زمانی مانند تعامل اجتماعی، برهم‌کنش زیستی، تغییرات اجتماعی و محیطی و زندگی‌نامه افراد است. جغرافیای زمان «فی نفسه یک حوزه موضوعی نیست»، بلکه یک چارچوب هستی‌شناختی یکپارچه و زبان دیداری است که در آن فضا و زمان ابعاد اساسی تحلیل فرایندهای پویا هستند. جغرافیای زمانی در ابتدا توسط جغرافیدانان انسانی توسعه داده شد، اما امروزه در زمینه‌های متعدد مرتبط با ترابری، برنامه‌ریزی منطقه ای، جغرافیا، انسان‌شناسی، تحقیقات استفاده از زمان، بوم‌شناسی، علوم محیطی و بهداشت عمومی کاربرد دارد. به گفته بو لنتورپ جغرافیدان سوئدی: «جغرافیای زمان یک رویکرد اساسی است و هر محققی می‌تواند آن را به روش خود به ملاحظات نظری مرتبط کند.»

تاریخچه

جغرافیدان سوئدی، تورستن هاگرستراند، جغرافیای زمان را در اواسط دهه ۱۹۶۰ میلادی و بر اساس ایده‌هایی که در طول تحقیقات تجربی قبلی خود در مورد الگوهای مهاجرت انسان در سوئد ایجاد کرده بود، شکل داد. او با استفاده از «رویکرد فیزیکی شامل مطالعه چگونگی رخ دادن رویدادها در چارچوب زمانی-مکانی» به دنبال «راهی برای یافتن عملکرد مکانیسم‌های اجتماعی-محیطی بزرگ» بود. هاگرستراند تا حدی از پیشرفت‌های مفهومی در فیزیک فضا-زمان و از فلسفه فیزیکالیسم الهام گرفته بود.

جستارهای وابسته

• جغرافیا
• جی‌آی‌اس
• بوم‌شناسی تاریخی

منابع

• Allen, Jeff (February 2019). "Using network segments in the visualization of urban isochrones" (PDF). Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization (به انگلیسی). 53 (4): 262–270. doi:10.3138/cart.53.4.2018-0013. S2CID 133986477.
• Andrienko, Gennady; Andrienko, Natalia; Bak, Peter; Keim, Daniel; Wrobel, Stefan (2013). Visual analytics of movement. Heidelberg; Dordrecht; New York; London: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37583-5. ISBN 978-3-642-37582-8. OCLC 859590676. S2CID 40858744.
• Bach, Benjamin; Dragicevic, Pierre; Archambault, Daniel; Hurter, Christophe; Carpendale, Sheelagh (June 2014). "A review of temporal data visualizations based on space-time cube operations". In Borgo, Rita; Maciejewski, Ross; Viola, Ivan (eds.). Eurographics Conference on Visualization 2014. EuroVis. Geneva: Eurographics.
• Bach, Benjamin; Dragicevic, Pierre; Archambault, Daniel; Hurter, Christophe; Carpendale, Sheelagh (April 2016). "A descriptive framework for temporal data visualizations based on generalized space-time cubes". Computer Graphics Forum. 36 (6): 36–61. doi:10.1111/cgf.12804. S2CID 4560326.
• Baer, Leonard D; Butler, David R (April 2000). "Space–time modeling of grizzly bears". Geographical Review. 90 (2): 206–221. doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2000.tb00331.x. JSTOR 216119. S2CID 162614564.
• Brasebin, Mickaël; Buard, Elodie (2011). "Visual exploration of large animal trajectories" (PDF). Proceedings of the 25th International Cartographic Conference, Paris, 3–8 July 2011. Paris: International Cartographic Association. ISBN 978-1-907075-05-6. OCLC 781048687.
• Buttimer, Anne; Mels, Tom (2006). By northern lights: on the making of geography in Sweden. Foreword by Torsten Hägerstrand. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-4814-7. OCLC 63187516.
• Carlstein, Tommy (1982). Time resources, society, and ecology: on the capacity for human interaction in space and time. London; Boston: Allen & Unwin. doi:10.4324/9780429329036. ISBN 978-0-04-300082-3. OCLC 7946554. S2CID 199113937.
• Downs, Joni A; Horner, Mark W; Tucker, Anton D (September 2011). "Time-geographic density estimation for home range analysis". Annals of GIS. 17 (3): 163–171. doi:10.1080/19475683.2011.602023.
• Ellegård, Kajsa; De Pater, Ben (July 1999). "The complex tapestry of everyday life". GeoJournal. 48 (3): 149–153. doi:10.1023/A:1007059105684. JSTOR 41147365. S2CID 147585214.
• Ellegård, Kajsa; Palm, Jenny (May 2011). "Visualizing energy consumption activities as a tool for making everyday life more sustainable" (PDF). Applied Energy. 88 (5): 1920–1926. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.11.019.
• Ellegård, Kajsa; Svedin, Uno (July 2012). "Torsten Hägerstrand's time-geography as the cradle of the activity approach in transport geography" (PDF). Journal of Transport Geography. 23: 17–25. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.023.
• Fischer-Kowalski, Marina; Singh, Simron Jit; Ringhofer, Lisa; Grünbühel, Clemens M; Lauk, Christian; Remesch, Alexander (March 2010). Sociometabolic regimes in indigenous communities and the crucial role of working time: a comparison of case studies (PDF) (Technical report). Institute of Social Ecology, Klagenfurt University. ISSN 1726-3816. WP121. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-15.
• Hägerstrand, Torsten (1970). "What about people in regional science?". Papers of the Regional Science Association. 24 (1): 6–21. doi:10.1007/BF01936872. S2CID 198174673.
• Hägerstrand, Torsten (1983). "In search for the sources of concepts". In Buttimer, Anne (ed.). The practice of geography. London; New York: Longman. pp. 238–256. ISBN 978-0-582-30087-3. OCLC 8629687.
• Hägerstrand, Torsten; Carlstein, Tommy (December 2004). "The two vistas". Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. 86 (4): 315–323. doi:10.1111/j.0435-3684.2004.00170.x. JSTOR 3554354. S2CID 218589178.
• Huettmann, Falk; Cushman, Samuel A, eds. (2009). Spatial complexity, informatics, and wildlife conservation. Tokyo; New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4. ISBN 9784431877707. OCLC 567359237.
• Klapka, Pavel; Ellegård, Kajsa; Frantál, Bohumil (December 2020). "What about time-geography in the post-Covid-19 era?". Moravian Geographical Reports. 28 (4): 238–247. doi:10.2478/mgr-2020-0017.
• Kuklinski, Antoni (1987). "Torsten Hägerstrand laudatio". GeoJournal. 14 (4): 503–510. doi:10.1007/BF02602724. JSTOR 41144140. S2CID 155401262.
• Kwan, Mei-Po (December 2004). "GIS methods in time-geographic research: geocomputation and geovisualization of human activity patterns" (PDF). Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. 86 (4): 267–280. doi:10.1111/j.0435-3684.2004.00167.x. JSTOR 3554351. S2CID 18126588.
• Kwan, Mei-Po (2007). "Affecting geospatial technologies: toward a feminist politics of emotion" (PDF). The Professional Geographer. 59 (1): 22–34. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9272.2007.00588.x. S2CID 10120944.
• Kwan, Mei-Po; Ding, Guoxiang (2008). "Geo-narrative: extending geographic information systems for narrative analysis in qualitative and mixed-method research" (PDF). The Professional Geographer. 60 (4): 443–465. doi:10.1080/00330120802211752. S2CID 13008935.
• Kwan, Mei-Po; Richardson, Douglas B.; Wang, Donggen; Zhou, Chenghu, eds. (2014). Space-time integration in geography and GIScience: research frontiers in the US and China. New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9205-9. ISBN 9789401792042. OCLC 890939038. S2CID 132286834.
• Latham, Allan (2003). "Research, performance, and doing human geography: some reflections on the diary-photograph, diary-interview method" (PDF). Environment and Planning A. 35 (11): 1993–2017. doi:10.1068/a3587. S2CID 17764426.
• Lenntorp, Bo (July 1999). "Time-geography—at the end of its beginning". GeoJournal. 48 (3): 155–158. doi:10.1023/A:1007067322523. JSTOR 41147366. S2CID 142500989.
• Lewchanin, Shari; Zubrod, Louise A (July 2001). "Choices in life: a clinical tool for facilitating midlife review". Journal of Adult Development. 8 (3): 193–196. doi:10.1023/A:1009598425503. S2CID 140944093.
• McQuoid, Julia; Dijst, Martin (July 2012). "Bringing emotions to time geography: the case of mobilities of poverty". Journal of Transport Geography. 23: 26–34. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.019.
• Ringhofer, Lisa (2009). Fishing, foraging and farming in the Bolivian Amazon: on a local society in transition. Dordrecht; London: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3487-8. ISBN 9789048134861. OCLC 436030901.
• Rose, Gillian (1993). Feminism and geography: the limits of geographical knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-2417-1. OCLC 27935641.
• Scholten, Christina; Friberg, Tora; Sandén, Annika (December 2012). "Re-reading time-geography from a gender perspective: examples from gendered mobility". Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. 103 (5): 584–600. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2012.00717.x.
• Schwanen, Tim; Kwan, Mei-Po (2009). "'Doing' critical geographies with numbers". The Professional Geographer. 61 (4): 459–464. doi:10.1080/00330120903103072. S2CID 144480962.
• Saeedimoghaddam, Mahmoud; Keyanpour-Rad, Mansoor; Shafizadeh-Moghadam, Hossein; Valavi, Roozbeh; Mirbagheri, Babak; Shakiba, Alireza; Matkan, Aliakbar (July 2017). "A probabilistic space-time prism to explore changes in white Stork habitat use in Iran". Ecological Indicators. 78: 156–166. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.03.019.
• Singh, Simron Jit; Ringhofer, Lisa; Haas, Willi; Krausmann, Fridolin; Fischer-Kowalski, Marina (March 2010). Local studies manual: a researcher's guide for investigating the social metabolism of local rural systems (PDF) (Technical report). Institute of Social Ecology, Klagenfurt University. ISSN 1726-3816. WP120. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-15.
• Sui, Daniel Z (July 2012). "Looking through Hägerstrand's dual vistas: towards a unifying framework for time geography". Journal of Transport Geography. 23: 5–16. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.020.
• Sunnqvist, Charlotta; Persson, Ulla; Lenntorp, Bo; Träskman-Bendz, Lil (May 2007). "Time geography: a model for psychiatric life charting?" (PDF). Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 14 (3): 250–257. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01071.x. hdl:2043/14143. PMID 17430448.
• Sunnqvist, Charlotta; Persson, Ulla; Westrin, Åsa; Träskman-Bendz, Lil; Lenntorp, Bo (April 2013). "Grasping the dynamics of suicidal behaviour: combining time-geographic life charting and COPE ratings". Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 20 (4): 336–344. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01928.x. PMID 22591326.
• Tani, Sirpa; Surma-Aho, Outi (2012). "Young people and the hidden meanings of the everyday: time-space path as a methodological opportunity". International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education. 21 (3): 187–203. doi:10.1080/10382046.2012.698077. S2CID 144455475.
• Thrift, Nigel; Pred, Allan (June 1981). "Time-geography: a new beginning". Progress in Human Geography. 5 (2): 277–286. doi:10.1177/030913258100500209. S2CID 154098410.
• Yin, Zhangcai; Huang, Wei; Ying, Shen; Tang, Panli; Kang, Ziqiang; Huang, Kuan (September 2021). "Measuring of the COVID-19 based on time-geography". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (19): 10313. doi:10.3390/ijerph181910313. PMC 8507668. PMID 34639612.
• Zhao, Jinfeng; Forer, Pip; Walker, Mike; Dennis, Todd (2013). "The space–time aquarium is full of albatrosses: time geography, lifestyle and trans-species geovisual analytics". In Moore, Antoni B; Drecki, Igor (eds.). Geospatial visualisation. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Berlin; New York: Springer. pp. 235–260. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12289-7_11. ISBN 978-3-642-12288-0. OCLC 821069756.

برای مطالعه بیشتر

• Adams, Paul Channing (June 1995). "A reconsideration of personal boundaries in space-time". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 85 (2): 267–285. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01794.x. JSTOR 2564314.
• Adams, Paul Channing (2009). Geographies of media and communication: a critical introduction. Critical introductions to geography. Chichester, UK; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-5413-0. OCLC 237788695.
• Boman, Magnus; Holm, Einar (2004). "Multi-agent systems, time geography, and microsimulations". In Olsson, Mats-Olov; Sjöstedt, Gunnar (eds.). Systems approaches and their application: examples from Sweden. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 95–118. doi:10.1007/1-4020-2370-7_4. ISBN 978-1-4020-2369-9. OCLC 55502669.
• Chandran, Kumari Moothedath; Mani, Monto; Chakrabarti, Amaresh (2015). "A spatio-temporal network representation for manufacturing". In Chakrabarti, Amaresh (ed.). ICORD'15—research into design across boundaries volume 2: creativity, sustainability, DfX, enabling technologies, management and applications. Smart innovation, systems and technologies. Vol. 35. Bangalore: Springer. pp. 459–470. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2229-3_39. ISBN 9788132222286. OCLC 898892950.
• Chowdhury, Debashish; Schadschneider, Andreas; Nishinari, Katsuhiro (December 2005). "Physics of transport and traffic phenomena in biology: from molecular motors and cells to organisms". Physics of Life Reviews. 2 (4): 318–352. arXiv:physics/0509025. Bibcode:2005PhLRv...2..318C. doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2005.09.001. S2CID 13191602.
• DiSalle, Robert (2011). "Pitholes in space-time: structure and ontology of physical geometry". In DeVidi, David; Hallett, Michael; Clarke, Peter (eds.). Logic, mathematics, philosophy, vintage enthusiasms: essays in honour of John L. Bell. The Western Ontario series in philosophy of science. Vol. 75. New York: Springer. pp. 345–360. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0214-1_17. ISBN 9789400702134. OCLC 719361722.
• Ellegård, Kajsa (2019). Thinking time geography: concepts, methods and applications (PDF). Routledge studies in human geography. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203701386. ISBN 978-1-138-57378-9. OCLC 1055695801. S2CID 149988324.
• Ellegård, Kajsa, ed. (2019). Time geography in the global context: an anthology (PDF). Routledge studies in human geography. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203701393. ISBN 978-1-138-57378-9. OCLC 1035437517. S2CID 149723887.
• Gren, Martin (2001). "Time-geography matters". In May, Jon; Thrift, Nigel J (eds.). TimeSpace: geographies of temporality. Critical geographies, 13. London; New York: Routledge. pp. 208–225. ISBN 978-0-415-18083-2. OCLC 52996864.
• Kellerman, Aharon (1989). Time, space, and society: geographical societal perspectives. GeoJournal library. Vol. 11. Dordrecht; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2287-7. ISBN 978-0-7923-0123-3. OCLC 19130678. S2CID 143507942.
• Kenett, Dror Y; Portugali, Juval (July 2012). "Population movement under extreme events". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (29): 11472–11473. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10911472K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1209306109. PMC 3406849. PMID 22778423.
• Kraak, Menno-Jan (2008). "Geovisualization and time: new opportunities for the space-time cube". In Dodge, Martin; McDerby, Mary; Turner, Martin (eds.). Geographic visualization: concepts, tools and applications. Chichester, England; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 293–306. doi:10.1002/9780470987643.ch15. ISBN 978-0-470-51511-2. OCLC 191847101.
• Kwan, Mei-Po (2013). "Beyond space (as we knew it): toward temporally integrated geographies of segregation, health, and accessibility" (PDF). Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 103 (5): 1078–1086. doi:10.1080/00045608.2013.792177. S2CID 52022991.
• Kwan, Mei-Po (2000). "Human extensibility and individual hybrid-accessibility in space-time: a multi-scale representation using GIS" (PDF). In Janelle, Donald G; Hodge, David C (eds.). Information, place, and cyberspace: issues in accessibility. Berlin; New York: Springer. pp. 241–256. ISBN 978-3-540-67492-4. OCLC 48013756.
• Li, Xia; Kraak, Menno-Jan (August 2008). "The time wave: a new method of visual exploration of geo-data in timespace". The Cartographic Journal. 45 (3): 193–200. doi:10.1179/000870408X311387. S2CID 129750716.
• Liebscher, Dierck-Ekkehard (2005). The geometry of time. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/9783527618712. ISBN 978-3-527-40567-1. OCLC 60413503.
• Long, Jed A; Nelson, Trisalyn A (2013). "A review of quantitative methods for movement data". International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 27 (2): 292–318. doi:10.1080/13658816.2012.682578. hdl:10023/5417. S2CID 15358225.
• Massey, Doreen B (1999). "Space-time, 'science' and the relationship between physical geography and human geography". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 24 (3): 261–276. doi:10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00261.x.
• Merriman, Peter (2012). "Human geography without time-space". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 37 (1): 13–27. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00455.x.
• Neutens, Tijs; Delafontaine, Matthias; Scott, Darren M; De Maeyer, Philippe (March 2012). "A GIS-based method to identify spatiotemporal gaps in public service delivery". Applied Geography. 32 (2): 253–264. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.05.006. hdl:1854/LU-2034089.
• Neutens, Tijs; Schwanen, Tim; Witlox, Frank (January 2011). "The prism of everyday life: towards a new research agenda for time geography". Transport Reviews. 31 (1): 25–47. doi:10.1080/01441647.2010.484153. S2CID 129935266.
• Neutens, Tijs; Weghe, Nico; Witlox, Frank; Maeyer, Philippe (March 2008). "A three-dimensional network-based space–time prism". Journal of Geographical Systems. 10 (1): 89–107. Bibcode:2008JGS....10...89N. doi:10.1007/s10109-007-0057-x. S2CID 38314672.
• Patten, Bernard C; Straškraba, Milan; Jørgensen, Sven E (August 2011). "Ecosystems emerging. 5: Constraints". Ecological Modelling. 222 (16): 2945–2972. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.04.019.
• Peuquet, Donna J (2002). Representations of space and time. New York: Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-57230-773-5. OCLC 49530164.
• Post, Eric S (2019). Time in ecology: a theoretical framework. Monographs in population biology. Vol. 61. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. doi:10.1515/9780691185491. ISBN 978-0-691-18235-3. JSTOR j.ctv3s8sns. OCLC 1032655216. S2CID 182045612.
• Rainham, Daniel; McDowell, Ian; Krewski, Daniel; Sawada, Mike (March 2010). "Conceptualizing the healthscape: contributions of time geography, location technologies and spatial ecology to place and health research". Social Science & Medicine. 70 (5): 668–676. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.035. PMID 19963310.
• Raubal, Martin; Winter, Stephan; Teβmann, Sven; Gaisbauer, Christian (October 2007). "Time geography for ad-hoc shared-ride trip planning in mobile geosensor networks". ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 62 (5): 366–381. Bibcode:2007JPRS...62..366R. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2007.03.005.
• Reydon, Thomas A C (September 2008). "Species in three and four dimensions". Synthese. 164 (2): 161–184. doi:10.1007/s11229-007-9221-6. S2CID 30157340.
• Richards, Keith; Bithell, Michael; Bravo, Michael (2004). "Space, time and science: individuals, emergence and geographies of space and place". In Matthews, John A; Herbert, David T (eds.). Unifying geography: common heritage, shared future. London; New York: Routledge. pp. 327–352. ISBN 978-0-415-30543-3. OCLC 53814306.
• Svee, Eric-Oluf; Sanches, Pedro; Bylund, Markus (2009). "Time geography rediscovered: a common language for location-oriented services". Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Location and the Web, Boston, Massachusetts, April 4, 2009. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1145/1507136.1507147. ISBN 978-1-60558-457-7. OCLC 470652992. S2CID 9210735.
• Thrift, Nigel (1977). An introduction to time-geography (PDF). Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography. Vol. 13. Norwich: Geo Abstracts, University of East Anglia. ISBN 0-902246-67-4. OCLC 4464963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-13.
• Yuan, May; Nara, Atsushi; Bothwell, James (January 2014). "Space–time representation and analytics". Annals of GIS. 20 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1080/19475683.2013.862301.